maitreya prophecymaitreya prophecy

Instead, after the summary of the Four Noble Truths, the text describes how people flock to the community renouncing the world and becoming monks and nuns, including Maitreyas whole family. The Ahaly Story Through the Ages. In Myth and Mythmaking: Continuous Evolution in Indian Tradition, by Julia Leslie, 3962. 403-404. (LH 989.2). According to Edgerton (. A Tibetan-English Dictionary. as endowed with brightness but as having flags, or more creatively festooned.. Share International Reveals Christmas Miracle. The prophecy genre is considered by adherents of the Great Vehicle as one of the twelve branches of Buddhas discourse, and indeed several texts of this style are found in the Tibetan collection of the, , as the title makes explicit, concerns the prophecy of, considered to be the next Buddha to come to this world and. However, they repeat phrases from verses 83 and 85. refers to religious practitioners in India who have renounced the world, practicing chastity, continence, and study the scriptures. Once he renounces worldly life, it takes Maitreya only a day to achieve enlightenment. Lvi (393) also agrees with A. Conze (239) omits this verse. Following edition A, Lvi translates il voudra quitter le monde. Conze skips these two verses. It will have a wall made of seven jewels, as tall as sound will travel. No sigla is given for the Sanskrit with these intertextual paginations, but the sigla AMV is used in footnotes. But there are a few Buddhist prophecies that are more specific to the time when the Maitreya will arise: "After my decease, first will occur the five disappearances. 13Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, p. 272. Any feedback would be appreciated. Why the shift from Warrior caste to Priestly caste? In verse 27 the name is given as Subrahmaa (, has very shrill, literally greatly agitated (, By way of height, his body will be 80 hands; his width, twenty hands, [and] the circle of his face, half of that, , . ) 134This sentence with a lacuna is from the Gilgit text (B). It is found in the canonical literatur of all Buddhist sects (Theravda, Mahyna, Vajrayna), and is accepted by most Buddhists as a statement about an event that will take place when the Dharma will have been forgotten on . It is then that the main focus of the story becomes apparent. 2d ed. 43, (AMV 9; LH 981.3; NT 960.6) In the Buddhist worldview, the world is divided into four great continents. Having sprinkled saffron water and rubbed sandalwood paste on the stpas of the sage of the kyas, you have indeed come into my teachings. The Sanskrit does not: (AMV 25). Maitreya..One of the so called 'Masters of the Earth. there is such a text in the Chinese tradition. Elapatra (probably a simplification of elpattra, meaning cardamom leaf) is found in Gndhra on the north-west on the border with Pakistan, and akhas treasure is in Vras, in Uttar Pradesh, Indiathe center of the Buddhist and Hindu world of the time. One recent translation is: Avaghoa and Patrick Olivelle, Life of the Buddha, Clay Sanskrit library (New York: New York University Press, JJC Foundation, 2008), https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015077136920?urlappend=%3Bsignon=swle:urn:mace:incommon:virginia.edu. Maitreya is a transcendent bodhisattva named as the universal Buddha of a future time. ): this is a locative used like a dative. 22 n. 7; LH 987.4-987.5; NT 966.6-966.7). Tibetan has when one thoroughly believes in (, LH 990.7, NT 969.4). The U.N. headquarters will move to Jerusalem. Then, akha, the lord of men, will erect a sacrificial post 32 arms wide by 2000 arms tall. one like the compassionate Maitreya, best of bipeds, in time you will proceed to nirva. I have decided to retranslate it mainly in order to refresh and practice my woefully inadequate knowledge of Sanskrit but also with the motivation to provide a full, fresh English translation of this treatise for faith-based Buddhism. Section 12.The New Age Index To New Age > Maitreya : . (102), And after the intelligent Maitreya, the best of bipeds, has passed [into final nirva],164 the true doctrine will remain on earth for 10,000 years.165 (103), Thus, when one calms their thoughts [by placing them] on166 the conqueror, the sage of the kyas, then you will see167 the thoroughly enlightened Maitreya, the best of bipeds. Mi-Lar is the transliteration of Maitreya in Mandarin. The Prophecy of the Superior Maitreya5 belongs to a sub-genre of the Avadna known as prophecy or revelation.6 The designation of prophecy is given to these works, because in them a Buddha foretells the future enlightenment of one of their disciple-Bodhisattvas. The translation here follows the Tibetan more closely under the assumption that it represents a deeper understanding of the Sanskrit or an interpretation based on oral instruction. (101), After having led hundreds of thousands of living creatures with the body of his doctrine,163 that guide will then enter nirva. The Ahaly Story Through the Ages. In. The Tibetan consistently translates this as which generally means faith but has a secondary meaning of serenity, confidence. The Tibetan resumes the order of verses in the Sanskrit with, and is the reading preferred by Prof. Majumder (. 20, * (AMV 4; LH 979.4; NT 959.2) The common equivalency for a yojana is 12-15 km or 7.45-9.32 miles. I will effect the liberation of sentient beings immersed in the sea of cyclic existence, who experience great suffering and are bound by the fetters of thirst.. Maitreya, le bouddha du futur, avec la fiole contenant le nectar du dharma dans la main gauche ; art du Gandhara, II e sicle. However, here the tree is a Nga tree (Citrus sinensis?) Conze does not translate this verse. However, Lvi does not thoroughly source his argument, which seems primarily based on hypothetical reconstructions of Sanskrit titles from Chinese, and as the Tibetan is ambiguous enough to be read either way, I have chosen the translation that makes more sense contextually, following Yijing and Watanabe. Conze (238) similarly has when one jumps on it, it gives way, and becomes soft like the leaves of the cotton tree. They are interpreting as a continuative, whereas I am interpreting it as one of a pair of opposites: rising up () and sinking low (). Then, very pleased, the thousand-eyed king of the gods. 170Verses 105 and 106 are not found in edition A. 60-61 & 394; Conze 240). And thus, having heard the doctrine, they will progress in the teaching (AMV 19 n. 3; Lvi 387 vv. 2: Buddhist Literature and Jaina Literature (Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1933, rep. 1972), 277-294. found at Gilgit that might not have been available to Lvi in 1932. 160 (AMV 28), (LH 990.3, NT 969.1). Characteristics. People live longer; the world is vaster, and the Buddha comes from the highest class. When translating, I try to be as faithful as possible to original as far as I understand it. . 60 (AMV 12), (LH 982.6-981.7, NT 962.3). (6) [5], Also at that time the people of that country will indeed flourish, and their wealth will be without end. (22) [NT 961], That ruler of men will govern the landwhich will extend without interruption to the limitless oceans46in accordance with the [Buddhist] doctrine. Winternitz cites in a note on that page that the name of the author is found only in the Tokharian and Uigurian fragments of the text. consultation of other scholars from any of these traditions. Let go, Thousand-Eyes! and (Maitreya porteur des trente-deux marques. Thompson, Richard. Maitreyas disillusionment with the world also takes a different form. Sitting at the foot of this tree, Maitreya, the best of bipeds, will reach total, unsurpassable illumination; this is without doubt! (son feuillage stend sur six portes de voix. 164 (AMV 29), (LH 990.6, NT 969.4). Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012. Maitreya's priorities: Severe warning from The Elders to the G20; Share International magazine brings together two major directions of contemporary thought the political and the spiritual. See note 49. Literally, illness. Mais lui, peine n, parlera: Laisse, laisse, Mille-Yeux, et). In either case, the vignette seems distinctly out of place. (100) [29], Having compassion on the world,162 the teacher Maitreya, best of bipeds, will teach the good doctrine for 60,000 years. Each treasure is associated with a different region of ancient India. translated by Edward Conze in his Buddhist Scriptures (Penguin Books, 1959), pages 238-242. Lvi (392) has chaplain. 116Edition B leaves out kyamuni (AMV 22 n. 1). illuminates to Maitreya the transitory, decaying nature of the world and prompts him to leave his home. heaven, awaiting his last rebirth when the time is ripe. The prophecy genre is considered by adherents of the Great Vehicle as one of the twelve branches of Buddhas discourse, and indeed several texts of this style are found in the Tibetan collection of the Translated Word of the Buddha. THE FUTURE BUDDHA-----('Maitreyavyakarana') Maitreya will appear in the future, some thirty thousand years hence. Maitreya's connection with Jesus is that He is the entity who overshadowed the disciple Jesus from the baptism to the crucifixion. 14Taisho, No. Some of the relevant ones are bright appearance, clearness, brightness, lamp, flame, torch and sign, mark, flag, banner (MW 309.1). 81Use of this term only became prominent during the first or second century CE. The meaning here seems to be closer to, (reality) since it is described as the highest level (. That such a claim is followed by a display of miraculous signs and the adoration of the worlds kings and gods (verse 83-84) clearly demonstrates that the narrative is intended for a lay audience for whom the primary practice was from the earlier Hearer path (there is no mention of Bodhisattvas or any Great Vehicle doctrine) but an audience that was increasingly concerned with acts of devotion. 9These are respectively , and , . one may argue that "prophecy," in his case, evidently "failed," for Creme time and again indicated that he . They are Vairavaa (=Kubera) in the north ruling over the Yakas, Virdaka in the south ruling over the Kumbhas, Dhtarra in the east ruling over the Gandharvas, Virpka in the west ruling over the Ngas. 4806 of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. The word which means collection, assembly but could possibly be an error for and so forthdoes not represent any of the Sanskrit, as far as I can tell. The Tibetan of this sentence seems to diverge from the Sanskrit in. 1, 4. he future life of Maitreya as described by the Buddha in this text makes use of several of the elements of the, but with notable differences. 15George Hart, A Rapid Sanskrit Method (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1984). Early versions of such stories are found throughout the Buddhist canon, with birth-stories of the Buddha (jtakas, , ) being the most well-known example. 4806 of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. Avaghoa, and Patrick Olivelle. Dec. 12, 2008 - Share International's spokesman, author and lecturer Benjamin Creme, has spent 30 years declaring that Maitreya, a messiah for the world is living in London but has not yet been revealed. Prior to translating this text, I had reviewed my favorite primer, Harts A Rapid Sanskrit Method and created an online reference site based on it.15 Translating the Prophecy of Maitreya was the first full translation I undertook. He teaches that the Message is the most important part of this Mission (or the Mission of any . Maitreya will come from one of the upper castes, but instead of being from the warrior caste, he will be from the priestly caste of Brhmaa, As with Siddhrtha, Maitreyas future mother. the figure of Indra, another mainstay of Brahmic culture, seems to have played an increasingly prominent role in the story over time. Historians have sometimes suggested that his cult may be derived from the Iranian deity Mithra, since his story is not well worked out in early Buddhism. At present Maitreya is believed to reside in the Tutshita. The Tibetan reads: (LH 988.2, NT 967.3). However, I am not quite clear on their meaning. LHs term translates as correctly ceasing. Though neither text uses the most common Tibetan word for transcendence,. 26 (AMV 6; LH 980.2; NT 959.6). 13/12/2016. Pri, Nel. A new translation from the Sanskrit and Tibetan, non-virtuous actions to a subsequent lifes beneficial or harmful outcomes respectively. A daughter of an Asura, a semi-divine being that can be either malevolent or benevolent, ac became the wife of Indra when he slew her father. The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya references a time when the Dharma will have been forgotten on Jambudvipa. The text focused on here, as the title makes explicit, concerns the prophecy of the future enlightenment of the Bodhisattva Maitreya. The printed text has: and the digital version has (http://www.dsbcproject.org/canon-text/content/415/1880 accessed May 8, 2018). The Tibetan also uses the verb to touch: (LH 985.2, NT 964.4). "Classical" portrayals often show him . Thus, Subrahma. (93), And Maitreya, guide and lord of the world, will be surrounded by many thousands of gods from the pure abodes,151 and he will enter [those realms].152 (94), Moreover, [accompanied] by [his] assembly of brhmaas Brahm will, with clear speech,153 relate the true doctrine, speaking with his Brahma-voice. 6; LH 980.2-980.3; NT 959.6-959.7). Only Buddhist practitioners who are Non-returners (, (accompanied by) which the Tibetan translates as. ) . It is equated with the Indian subcontinent, which for Indians of the Buddhas time was the civilized world. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire], New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u1243726. Winternitz, M. A History of Indian Literature. Any feedback would be appreciated. So, my first guess at the meaning of the citys name was having brightness. (13) gives B as the preferred reading, though Majumder says the Tibetan agrees with A, which reads: ) will bathe him with streams of warm and cool water. The attribution of the text to ryacandra is notable. But it would then be the name of the king or an adjective modifying king, and there would be no name for the priest. 90Edition A uses different words with nearly identical meaning (AMV 18 n.1), but the Tibetan is significantly different: The branches of that [tree] will be truly high, [reaching] nearly a yojana into the sky. ( LH 985.6; NT 964.7-965.1). 2,500 years ago Gautama Buddha made a prophecy that at this time would come another great Teacher, a Buddha like Himself, Maitreya by name, who would inspire humanity to create a new and brilliant, golden civilization, based on . See note 21. Then, the teacher Maitreya, the highest of humans, looking down. His third congregation will be of a full 220 million Hearers. (29), Now having having died and fallen52 from [the company of] those in Tuita [heaven],53 Maitreya, the best of persons, will securely bridge the transition between lives54 [by entering] into the womb of that woman. As a tatpara, (great kings) is a noun ending in short -, which makes it a nominative plural to match (four). See the next verse. Being intelligent, without grasping, and desireless, they will practice the way of a priest156 under Maitreyas instruction.157 (98) [NT 969], Being absolutely devoid of egotism, without possessions,158 without gold and silver,159 without a home, and without attachments,160 they will practice the way of Brahman under Maitreyas instruction. In: Lukas Pokorny and Franz Winter, eds. (AMV p. 22; , NT 966.5): this is a locative used like a dative. Likewise at the forefront of the same number of people, Then, a householder known by the name of Sudhana, At this point, the jewel of women [i.e., the main wife] of akha, known by the name Vikh, And there at that time, hundreds of thousands living beings. (88), On that road, they will lay out everywhere carpets as soft as cotton. Sponberg, Alan, Helen Hardacre, and Princeton University. 58 (AMV 12), (LH 982.6, NT 962.2-962.3). He waits in the Tusita heaven for the moment he is to appear on earth as the Buddha of the fifth world cycle. (Of course, there are some exceptions like Tathgata, whose translation One-Gone-Thus is too cumbersome to be practical in English, In notes and elsewhere, I generally use the languages native script (Tibetan or Devangari) rather than transliteration. (AMV 18 n.3). 47The Sanskrit editions begin with this verse. Tibetan has 80 cubits ( LH 984.4, NT 963.7). The concept of the four treasures is found in both Buddhism and Jainism. spent the noble, auspicious, eight-limbed. After the destruction of N.Y.C. The answer provided here is not much different from the answer provided in the early days of Buddhism: going for refuge, taking the lay vows, practicing the fasting days, and making offerings to the community. I am following Lvi (394) here: Et, accompagne du meme nombre de personnes. Tibetan has at the forefront of an equal number of Brhmaas (, LH 986.5, NT 965.6-965.7). 133Edition A and the Tibetan reads: a full 920 million liberated [Hearers] whose minds are pacified ( (sic) , ) (AMV 24 n. 2, LH 988.4, NT 967.5). Moats built by jeweled bricks and arrayed with carpets of red and blue lotuses will be adorned with decorative grasses. 169 (AMV 30, missing in edition A/Lvi). [These treasures are:] the Pigala in Kaliga, the Puka in Mithil, the Elapatra in Gndhra, and the akha in the town of Vrasi. Maitreya is commonly considered to be the next Buddha to come to this world and has been the focus of an extensive cult throughout Asia at various times. And having taken Maitreya who will have the 32 marks of greatness, the midwife will bring that [newborn] blazing with good fortune to [his] mother. However, some have calculated it to be as little as 5 km or 3.11 miles (Richard Thompson, Planetary Diameters in the Surya-Siddhanta in Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996. In some Buddhist literature, such as the Amitabha Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, he is referred to as Ajita Bodhisattva. The Tibetan essentially corresponds to A (LH 985.6-985.7; NT 965.1-965.2). However, contextually it is redundant. These are the Desire Realm (, ), Form Realm (, ), and Formless Realm (, ). These consist of 12 dityas, 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras, and 2 Avins (MW 458.3). Though, these predictions were made more than 5,000 years ago by Lord Krishna, but they appear to be so accurate that you can't deny any of it. In some Buddhist literature, such as the Amitabha Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, the being is referred to as Ajita. in this future time, Maitreyas fathers name is Subrahma, which means good priest, and he is the skilled minister of the then world-ruling king. 136The Tibetan includes flowers: (LH 988.6, NT 967.7). Having first performed a sacrifice, he will offer it to the twice-born.81 (49), And82 upon his bestowing of the charming, bejeweled sacrificial post to them, [LH 985] the thousands of Brhmaas will immediately divided it [among themselves].83 (50), And having seen this transitoriness of the sacrificial post, Maitreya will contemplate the whole of cyclic existence, and he will long to go forth from home [in renunciation]. B enjamin Creme did not live to see Maitreya reveal himself to the world. One then dies and is reborn in another of the realms. 1.1 Foundations of Buddhism, by Helena Roerich (1930); 1.2 On Eastern Crossroads: Legends and Prophecies of Asia, Helena Roerich (1930). Edition B has = right then and there (AMV 20). The prophecy concerning Maitreya Buddha (translated by Edward Conze in his Buddhist Scriptures (Penguin Books, 1959), from page 238. A Rapid Sanskrit Method. LHs term translates as correctly ceasing. Though neither text uses the most common Tibetan word for transcendence, , that term best fits all the parameters here. (79), His second congregation will be a full 940 million Hearers. Lvis transcription (386, v. 56) does not have this extra word. 100Approximately 311 to 764 miles, depending on the calculation of the size of a yojana. However, I am not quite clear on their meaning. Both Conze (240) and Lvi (394) follow the Sanskrit. See Renate Shnen-Thieme, The Ahaly Story Through the Ages in Myth and Mythmaking: Continuous Evolution in Indian Tradition, ed. (95), The whole earth will be filled with Foe-Destroyers whose defilements154 will have been destroyed; faults, thrown away; and bonds of existence, cast off. "In the Tushita heaven of the Buddhists dwells the radiant consciousness of Maitreya, the loving one, the desired of all nations - the Buddhist Messiah who is yet to come. MW (533.2) equates this with the Ngaruka tree, or the Sweet Orange tree (Citrus sinensis). See Whitney. Maitreya. This is seen when the . 95. Each treasure is associated with a different region of ancient India. The Maitreya Buddha statue is being designed to last for at least 1,000 years. Majumders edition of the Sanskrit text, pp. 34 (LH 980.6; NT 960.3) AMV (8) has , but LH and NT clearly have though in both texts the looks like a . 95 (AMV 19). The highest of these realms is the oft-mentioned Akaniha Heaven. I will not visit [this world] again.62 Without contaminations I will go to uncontaminated Nirva.63 (36), I will effect the liberation of sentient beings immersed in the sea of cyclic existence, who experience great suffering and are bound by the fetters of thirst.64 (37), And the gods will hold up a white parasol over the head of that [boy]. What does maitreya mean? In some Buddhist literature, such as the Amitabha Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, he is referred to as Ajita Bodhisattva. There is no mention of dependent arising, nor of selflessness, or any other of the early Buddhist doctrines. It is a story written primarily for lay Buddhist practitioners saying to them that if they believe in the Buddha and his teachings and perform acts of devotion, they will sit at the feet of the future Buddha Maitreya as renunciants. The Meditation is available to attend live online (or video replay if you cannot make it live) or in person at Buddha Maitreya's Shambhala Planetary Healing Monastery in Northern California . Waiting for Maitreya. You have been encompassed. See CD 1183 and http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Seven_precious_emblems_of_royalty (accessed July 18, 2018). A 1,200 year old Tibetan Buddhist prophecy of 'The Shambhala Warrior'. It was Buddha himself gave words of prophecy to Maitreya Bodhisattva for his destiny in Gridhrakut around Rajgir. Those women will give birth to sons with ease and well-being. Majumder has (AMV 14, n. 2), but Lvi (386, v. 44) gives , literally pregnant wives. Lvi (p. 396) has: In his path, they will make the ground as soft as cotton and cotton-padding, and they will spread in his way a variety of garlands (sur son chemin rendront le sol aussi doux que le coton et la ouate, et ils rpandront sur sa route des guirlandes varies). Information and translations of maitreya in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Lvi (393) translates the negative as without stains (souillures); Conze (239), merely all pure. emphasis on faith and the descriptions of its potent efficacy. This and the following verse are missing from the Tibetan. See Etienne Lamotte, History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Saka Era, Publications de lInstitut Orientaliste de Louvain (Louvain-la-Neuve: Universit catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste, 1988), http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u1669356, p. 703. It will indeed be 12 yojanas long and 7 yojanas wide. believe in the Buddha and his teachings and perform acts of devotion, will sit at the feet of the future Buddha Maitreya, result in a follower being part of Maitreyas retinue, thoughts by placing them on the conqueror, the sage of the kyas, then. According to MW (444.3) these are the Palmyra or Fan-palm trees (Borassus flabellifer). Out of the 108 verses of the text only two are devoted to describing Maitreyas doctrine, and these are simply a summary of the Four Noble Truths. 27 (AMV 6; LH 980.2-980.3; NT 959.6-959.7). Mukhopadhyay, 1959. http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u4600447. Both Lvi (393) and Conze (239) omit it. Having heard this extraordinary [tale] and having seen such abundant good fortune, Therefore, those who, here and now, are desirous of emancipation. The Samantabhadra Meditation Stra The Miraculous Fortnight (, ) refers to a religious holiday commemorating the legend of the Buddhas competition in the performance of miracles with six other ascetic sages of his day, during which the Buddha demonstrates his complete supremacy and thereby converts his opponents. is equivalent to two extended arms (MW, 1038.1). Lvi (393) includes this line in his translation. 156The way of a priest (brahmacarya, , ) refers to religious practitioners in India who have renounced the world, practicing chastity, continence, and study the scriptures. His assembly will be 100 yojanas [deep] on all sides. 10This popular work has been translated many times. 66The main translation here follows version B (AMV 14) with which the Tibetan agrees: Having properly lifted that [boy] Maitreya, blazing with glory and possessing the thirty-two marks, the midwife will give him into the hands of his mother ( , LH 983.4-983.5, NT 962.7-963.1). 74 (), 982-996 (BDRC W26071, digital copy accessed June 1, 2018: https://www.tbrc.org/#library_work_ViewByOutline-O1PD110161PD11461%7CW26071) and in bKa gyur (Narthang), vol. At the end of the year the horse would be sacrificed to the gods. 4 vols. 89Roughly 675 kilometers or 420 miles. BHSD Franklin Edgertons Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary. It is surprising he does not notice that the addition of the word would break the metre of the verse (anuubh, 4 verse of 8 syllables), but perhaps the text is so irregular in this regard such deviation is commonplace. The number of the beast : 666. The stra called the Lions Roar on the Turning of the Wheel Discourse (cakkavatti-shanda-sutta). Maitreya Buddha. London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1962. http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u1163487. They will be completely encircled by seven rings of Tla trees. Their names are the same as the kings who guard them, though in some versions, they are guarded by ngas. (87), Also, whoever will be living in the city of Ketumat, those people will indeed worship that one entering the best of cities. So, my first guess at the meaning of the citys name was having brightness. So the translation arms has been used as the unit of measurement, and the numbers have been doubled. Edition A has (accompanied by) which the Tibetan translates as and (AMV 27 n. 8, Lvi 389, LH 989.6, NT 968.5). 2003 Preview SONG TIME Winteryear. In a garden filled with flowers, there will be a gathering. Buddhist Scriptures. Puka. 1, Buddhist Tradition Series (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1989), p. 180. See note 43 for further details. 35, * (AMV 8; LH 980.6; NT 960.4). The Maitreya buddha (Ml f ) is the buddha who is to come among us in the future as a successor to the historical Shakyamuni buddha (Shjimun f ).

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